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Think TanksDiario Geostrategico

AFRICA. TECNOLOGIE DIGITALI PER LA PRODUTTIVITA’ AGRICOLA

By Redazione

FOCUS

June 29, 2022. By Louise Fox and Landry Signé, Brookings. Sub-Saharan Africa’s agricultural sector is widely recognized to have vast, under-utilized potential. Land and labor productivity are low compared to other regions and have barely increased over the last 20 years. Low productivity has created widespread rural poverty and food insecurity, so the potential for productivity increases represents an opportunity to boost inclusive growth. Overcoming the barriers to technology adoption on African farms

AROUND THE WORLD

Asia

  • June 29, 2022. By Christoph Nedopil Wang, East Asia Forum. State-owned enterprises (SOEs) in Asia are in a unique position to take a leading role to shift economic activity from polluting to green. Yet so far, most SOEs have underutilised green financial instruments, such as green bonds, to support this transition. This leaves ample room for growth which could spur further investments in innovative and green technologies, support development of green capital markets and reduce the risks of climate change. State-owned enterprises and Asia’s energy transition

Bangladesh

Canada

China

  • June 30, 2022. By World Nuclear News. The first safety-related concrete has been poured for the nuclear island of unit 3 at the Sanmen nuclear power plant, China National Nuclear Corporation (CNNC) has announced. It marks the official start of construction of the first of two CAP1000 pressurised water reactors planned as Phase II of the site in China’s Zhejiang province. Construction starts on second phase of Sanmen plant : New Nuclear

China – Australia

  • June 30, 2022. By Jessica Collins, The Interpreter. The 2022 Lowy Poll of Australian public opinion shows that a record nine out of ten Australians feel the Australia-United States alliance under the ANZUS arrangement is critical to their security. Commitments under ANZUS remain strong. That’s good news.  What Australians fear with China pressing in the Pacific

China – USA

Europe

  • June 28, 2022. By , Center for Data Innovation. The Digital Markets Act (DMA), the EU’s biggest change to antitrust law in decades, is expected to be formally approved this year. Unfortunately, the law seems to fundamentally misunderstand how competition in the digital marketplace works and applies flawed remedies, to the detriment of the EU’s technology sector and European consumers. As a result, the DMA fails to resolve the antitrust and user protection issues it is supposed to address. Unless corrected, the DMA will hamper the vibrancy of Europe’s economy for decades to come. Misconceptions About Digital Competition Are Damaging the EU’s Technology Ambitions

France – Australia

  • June 30, 2022. By Eglantine Staunton, The Interpreter. The announcement of the trilateral security partnership between the United States, the United Kingdom and Australia (commonly referred as AUKUS) in September last year put an end to the $90 billion Attack class submarine program negotiated by France and Australia in 2016 and, in the process, began one of the most heated diplomatic crises between the two countries. Nine months after this announcement, the Lowy Institute’s annual poll on foreign policy issues provides an opportunity to take stock of the impact of this diplomatic crisis on the Franco-Australian relationship. France-Australia: Moving beyond AUKUS

France – Romania 

Georgia – Abkhazia

  • June 29, 2022. By Giorgi Menabde, The Jamestown Foundation. Former Georgian president Mikheil Saakashvili, who is sitting in prison after a Tbilisi court sentenced him to three and six years behind bars for abuse of power during his presidency (2004–2013), presented a historic initiative to resolve an existential problem of Georgian statehood: the status of Abkhazia, a Russian-backed Georgian breakaway region that declared independence in 1992 and 1994 during the Georgian Civil War. It became the scene of ethnic cleansing of the Georgian population with the direct participation of the Russian army in 1993, as well as during the Russian aggression in the Kodori Gorge of Abkhazia in 2008 (State.gov, January 30, 1994; Hrw.org, March 1995; Jemal Gamaxaria, International Society to Bring a Verdict on the Tragedy of Abkhazia/Georgia, 2015; Kvirispalitra.ge, August 8, 2017; Geocities.com/abkhazia_dream, accessed on June 29). Saakashvili Proposes Creating a Dual Georgian-Abkhazian Federation

Gulf States – Israel

Honduras

Indonesia – Philippines

Indo – Pacific

  • June 30, 2022. By Aidan Arasasingham and Emily Benson, East Asia Forum. On 23 May 2022, US President Joe Biden and 12 regional counterparts officially launched the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF). The IPEF gains momentum but lacks market access
  • June 29, 2022. By Jane Nakano, CSIS. Large energy consumers in the Indo-Pacific region and their traditional energy suppliers are examining the potential role of clean hydrogen in energy systems as well as their own potential roles in hydrogen supply chains. Several Asian governments are leading the charge in creating a clean hydrogen economy by releasing and executing hydrogen strategies and funding new projects, while others are beginning to articulate visions and strategies.  The Geopolitics of Hydrogen in the Indo-Pacific Region

Japan

Jordan 

Kazakhstan – South Korea

NATO 

Portugal 

Russia

Russia – Belarus

  • June 29, 2022. By Grigory Ioffe, The Jamestown Foundation. Belarusian President Alyaksandr Lukashenka paid yet another visit to his Russian counterpart, Vladimir Putin, on Saturday, June 25. Prior to this, the two heads of state had already met five times this year, each time on Putin’s turf. Those earlier meetings occurred on February 18 and March 11 in Moscow, on April 12 at the Vostochnyi Cosmodrome in eastern Siberia, on May 16 in Moscow at the summit of the Collective Security Treaty Organization, and on May 23 in Sochi (Belta, June 23). This time, the Kremlin leader himself was expected in Grodno on June 30 at the Forum of the Union State Regions (Sputnik.by, June 20), but he changed his mind and will participate in videoconference format. Instead, Lukashenka himself unexpectedly flew to Russia for a three-day stay, including a two-day (June 23–24) “informal” get-together with Putin in his residence at the Zavidovo reserve (between Moscow and Tver oblasts), and then in St. Petersburg on June 25. Lukashenka, Putin and Tikhanovskaya: A Long Echo of Belarus’s Historical Division
  • June 29, 2022. By Brian Whitmore, Atlantic Council. The axis of autocrats in Eastern Europe is also an axis of war criminals. Russian air and missile strikes from Belarusian territory and airspace hit a Ukrainian kindergarten and an apartment complex on June 25. The attacks killed a 37-year-old man and injured his wife and seven-year-old daughter. Additionally, according to Ukraine’s northern military command, at least 20 rockets launched from Belarus struck the village of Desna, 70 kilometers north of Kyiv in the Chernihiv region. Putin’s partner in war crimes

Russia – Ukraine

  • June 29, 2022. By Karolina Hird, Frederick W. Kagan, George Barros, and Grace Mappes, ISW. The Ukrainian Resistance Center reported on June 28 that the Kremlin is setting conditions to annex areas of Kherson and Zaporizhia into the Russian Federation under the template of the pre-1917 “Tavriia Gubernia.”. The Tavriia (or Tauride) Gubernia was a historical province of the Russian Empire. Under the Tavriia Gubernia scenario, the left bank of Kherson Oblast and part of Zaporizhia Oblast would be directly annexed to the Russian Federation, likely as a single unit. The Ukrainian Resistance Center stated that Russian authorities are preparing for a pseudo-referendum to set conditions for the annexation of the Tavriia Gubernia (as opposed to proxy “people‘s republics“). The Russians are also requiring Ukrainian citizens in southern Ukraine to open bank accounts with Russian state-owned Promsvyazbank. Head of Ukraine’s Kherson Oblast Administration Hennadiy Lahuta reported that Russian forces have locked down civilian traffic in northern Kherson Oblast and are not allowing anyone to enter or exit occupied territory, which may be an additional attempt to control the civilian population in preparation for annexation measures. Russian Offensive Campaign Assessment, June 29

UK 

  • June 29, 2022. By  , Center for Data Innovation. The United Kingdom’s recently unveiled Online Safety Bill seeks to protect Internet users from various digital threats by imposing new legal obligations on social media platforms, search engines, and other user-generated content services. Advocates for the bill believe it will provide transparency on how online services moderate their platforms while preventing harmful content from reaching children and adults. Opponents have called this legislation a death sentence for encrypted communications and a loss of anonymity online. What Will Be the Impact of the UK’s Online Safety Bill on Encryption and Anonymity Online?

USA

  • June 29, 2022. By Romy Varghese, Bloomberg. US cities large and small are hiking wages and dangling incentives to attract and retain workers amid rising inflation — just as the risk of a recession deepens.  US Cities Stung by Great Resignation Hike Wages
  • June 30, 2022. By Linda Poon, Blommberg. The US Supreme Court severely limited the Environmental Protection Agency’s authority to regulate greenhouse gas emissions under the Clean Air Act on Thursday, ruling 6-3 that it does not have broad authority to shift power generation from fossil fuels to renewable energy sources. The decision deals a major blow to the Biden administration’s climate agenda of halving carbon emissions by 2030 and creating a carbon-free electric grid by 2035. What the Supreme Court’s EPA Ruling Means for Cities
  • June 30, 2022. By Han-ah Sumner, Alana Nance, Teresa Chen, Lawfare. Earlier this year, a group of Democratic congressmen introduced an amendment to the America COMPETES Act, a bill aimed at boosting U.S. manufacturing and technology capabilities in order to compete with China. The amendment consisted of a “sense of Congress” which asserts that “it is in the national interest for the United States to become a formal signatory of the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS).” It further states that ratification of UNCLOS remains a top priority of the U.S. Navy and the U.S. Coast Guard, “the importance of which was most recently underscored by the strategic challenges the United States faces in the Asia-Pacific, the Arctic, and the Black Sea regions.” In February, the amendment passed the lower chamber. Water Wars: ‘We’ve Seen This Movie Before’: U.S. Suspicious of Beijing’s Motives in Solomon Islands
  • June 28, 2022. By Shania Kennedy, Health IT Analytics. Researchers from Massachusetts General Hospital (MGH) have developed an artificial intelligence (AI) model that utilizes deep learning to estimate individuals’ psychological age, future well-being, and risk of depression, which are then used to create ‘maps’ designed to guide them toward improved mental well-being. AI-Generated ‘Maps’ May Help Improve Mental Well-being
  • June 30, 2022. By Naval News. The U.S. Navy launched the 28th edition of the biennial Rim of the Pacific (RIMPAC), the world’s largest international maritime exercise on June 29, 2022. RIMPAC 2022 Officially Kicks off
  • June 29, 2022. By World Nuclear News. Holtec International has completed the acquisition of the Palisades Power Plant and the Big Rock Point site from Entergy. The decommissioning timeline for Palisades is 19 years, with small modular reactors one option for future uses of the two sites. Palisades sale from Entergy to Holtec completed : Corporate
  • June 29, 2022. By Justin Katz, Breaking Defense. A US Navy warship is conducting amphibious exercises near an island in the western Pacific when a typhoon forms nearby and begins making its way toward the ship and potentially Marines who have landed on the island. What happens next? An island, an amphib, a typhoon: Navy hosts climate-focused war game
  • June 29, 2022. By Theresa Hitchens, Breaking Defense. Los Angeles startup Epsilon3 recently nabbed its first subscription from the Space Force for its launch management software, but the tiny firm is already pitching other applications for military and government users — with company officials saying their kit bag of software tools can be used for a number of complex missions with multiple moving parts. Startup Epislon3 hopes to expand Pentagon reach with launch ‘software service’
  • June 29, 2022. By Jaspreet Gill, Breaking Defense. Based on rhetoric around Washington, it would seem government agencies, including the Defense Department, have skyrocketing investments in advanced technologies. But a closer look reveals the US isn’t investing nearly enough in order to outpace adversaries like China in areas like artificial intelligence and machine learning, warns data analytics group Govini in a new report.  The US isn’t investing nearly enough in critical tech to outpace China: Report
  • June 29, 2022. By Mark MacCarthy, Brookings. On June 3, the House Committee on Energy and Commerce released a draft federal privacy bill, the American Data Privacy and Protection Act. According to an accompanying press release, the draft has support from U.S. Representatives Frank Pallone, Jr. (D-N.J.) and Cathy McMorris Rodgers (R-Wash.), Chairman and Ranking Member of the House Committee on Energy and Commerce, as well as U.S. Senator Roger Wicker (R-Miss.), Ranking Member of the Senate Committee on Commerce, Science, and Transportation. Why the FTC should proceed with a privacy rulemaking
  • June 29, 2022. By Ember Smith, Ariel Gelrud Shiro, Christopher Pulliam, and Richard V. Reeves, Brookings. After centuries of discrimination and economic exclusion, the US racial wealth gap remains stubbornly large. In our latest paper studying Americans born in the 1940s through 1960s, we show that the median white American in their early thirties had $29,000 more wealth than the median Black American of the same age. This racial wealth gap is even greater among older adults: the median white American in their late fifties had $251,000 more wealth than the median Black American. This is not just because initial wealth gaps compounded over time. As we show, even conditional on having the same wealth in their early thirties, white Americans reach a significantly higher wealth rank by their late fifties than Black Americans. The Black-white gap in wealth mobility and what to do about it

USA – China

  • June 29, 2022. By Hannah Elyse Sworn and Manoj Harjani, East Asia Forum. Intellectual property (IP) has long been a sore point in relations between Washington and Beijing. US officials have repeatedly targeted China for widespread counterfeiting since its economic ‘opening up’ in the late 1970s. But after enduring a punishing series of legal reforms to join the World Trade Organization in 2001, the Chinese government is still under fire for weak enforcement, forced technology transfers and state-sponsored IP theft. Now China’s growing ability to produce IP indigenously is driving the evolution of US–China economic relations. US–China economic competition rests on intellectual property

USA – Europe

HORIZONS

  • June 30, 2022. By Ed Olowo-Okere, World Bank blogs. The future looks very different for governments in different regions and countries across the globe, depending on individual country contexts. However, all governments, without exception, find themselves at an inflection point, with the COVID-19 pandemic, climate change, and conflicts, especially the recent war in Ukraine and a looming economic crisis. These overlapping crises are affecting societies and economies in an unprecedented way. The Future of Government is Now
  • June 29, 2022. By Michael P. Fischerkeller, Lawfare. Cyberspace is a strategic competitive environment where continuous activity short of use of force has cumulatively threatened international peace and stability. States have sought to both manage and regulate this threatening behavior through the United Nations (U.N.) Group of Government Experts (GGE) and Open-Ended Working Group (OEWG) processes. These processes have resulted in deliberative products proposing peacetime cyber norms and an agreement by U.N. member states that international law applies in the context of cyberspace.  A Cyber Persistence Way to Norms
  • June 29, 2022. By Michel Girard, CIGI. Standards and certification programs are developed to support new trustworthy artificial intelligence (AI) legislation. Recent developments point to the emergence of a two-track approach. One track would focus on the certification of AI applications embedded in tangible products using objective criteria through established conformity assessment bodies. Regarding AI interacting with humans and used in delivering services, there is a need to create a new track. This track is needed to verify and validate compliance against subjective criteria, values and ethics, seen by many as an integral part of what constitutes trustworthy AI. The practice of “assurance as a service” can be adapted to verify and validate conformance to upcoming trustworthy AI standards. This policy brief provides an update on key legislative and policy developments framing trustworthy AI. It sketches possible approaches for the certification, verification and validation of AI embedded in products and in services and looks at recent proposals regarding the creation of a new chartered profession to deliver assurance services to achieve trustworthy AI. A Two-Track Approach for Trustworthy AI
  • June 29, 2022. By Mark MacCarthy, CIGI. Consensus, driven by stakeholders, used to be the default method of internet governance both in the United States and by its allies in Europe and elsewhere. Under this approach, instead of imposing government rules on digital companies, national governments largely deferred to the decisions of groups composed of industry representatives, academics, technical experts and civil society members. China never accepted this model, arguing instead for “internet sovereignty,” whereby the online world would fall under the jurisdiction of national governments. Many other governments have followed this approach. Stakeholders and Legislators Can Collaborate on Digital Regulation
  • June 2022. By IEA. Nuclear Power and Secure Energy Transitions: From Today’s Challenges to Tomorrow’s Clean Energy Systems is a new report by the International Energy Agency that looks at how nuclear energy could help address two major crises – energy and climate – facing the world today. Russia’s invasion of Ukraine and the disruptions in global energy supplies that it has fuelled have made governments rethink their energy security strategies, putting a stronger focus on developing more diverse and domestically based supplies. For multiple governments, nuclear energy is among the options for achieving this. At the same time, many governments have in recent years stepped up their ambitions and commitments to reach net zero emissions. Nuclear Power and Secure Energy Transitions expands upon the IEA’s landmark 2021 report, Net Zero by 2050: A Roadmap for the Global Energy Sector. It does so by exploring in depth nuclear power’s potential role as a source of low emissions electricity that is available on demand to complement the leading role of renewables such as wind and solar in the transition to electricity systems with net zero emissions.  Nuclear Power and Secure Energy Transitions – Analysis
  • June 30, 2022.  By Greg Earl, The Interpreter. In the end, it seems, former prime minister Scott Morrison was on to something with his negative globalist scepticism about building a better world. If one thing was clear from the Group of Seven’s global infrastructure initiative this week it was that the previous summit’s Mad Men-styled brand name Build Back Better World (or B3W) was, well, soooo last year. Instead, the world’s rich nation club now plans to spend US$600 billion in public and private finance for developing country infrastructure projects over five years under a plain vanilla Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment (or PG11). Economic diplomacy: Names trump numbers in the new BRI debt battle
  • June 30, 2022. By , The Strategist, Project-Syndicate. The era of cheap oil and gas is over. Russia’s war in Ukraine—or, more specifically, Europe’s ambitious effort to wean itself off Russian fossil fuels at a time when international supplies are already tight—is driving up global energy prices and raising the spectre of a global energy crisis. Alternative sources of energy are looking more appealing by the day, as they should. But the embrace of hydropower, in particular, carries its own risks. The downsides of hydropower
  • June 29, 2022. By Conor Savoy, Shannon McKeown, CSIS. This week, the G7 met in the Bavarian Alps at the Schloss Elmau Castle to discuss a wide variety of issues including Ukraine reconstruction, global economic recovery, climate and sustainability, bolstering democracy, and infrastructure investments. In an effort to address the infrastructure gap in the developing world, President Biden announced that the United States will mobilize $200 billion dollars of investment in global infrastructure projects under its new strategy, the Partnership for Global Infrastructure and Investment (PGII). The overall investment goal from the G7 countries and the private sector will be $600 billion over the next five years. While the explicit goal of PGII is not to counter China’s Belt and Road Initiative, PGII does seek to provide an alternative to China’s estimated $1 trillion in hard infrastructure investment around the world in the last decade. Future Considerations for the Partnership on Global Infrastructure and Investment
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