LA SFIDA TECNOLOGICA DELL’INDIA

Il diario di oggi parte dalla sfida tecnologica dell’India. Tre elementi sono fondamentali: comprendere la natura dei rischi legati alla tecnologia, valutare le sfide alla governance ed essere creativi nella regolamentazione.

FOCUS – India is amongst the most technology-adept nations, a function of its people’s comfort with IT products and services as well as its late-mover advantage. It must now engage with a spectrum of evolving needs around law and regulation. This is necessary to accelerate population-scale opportunities and address widespread risks. Samir Saran – ORF – Time to reassess what is good, what is bad, and what is ugly about India’s tech regulations

AUSTRALIA 

• Opposition leader Anthony Albanese began his Lowy Institute speech last Thursday referring to Prime Minister John Curtin’s 1941 declaration that Australia ‘looked to America’ in our moment of deepest strategic danger. In 2022 we have no choice but to do the same because our developing khaki election could well produce Australia’s next wartime prime minister. Peter Jennings – The Interpreter – Urgent need for radical thinking on Australia’s defence

CANADA – INDIA – CHINA

• After a nearly five-year stagnation, India and Canada recently decided to reboot their trade negotiations during Canadian Trade Minister Mary Ng’s visit in India. The seeming normal interaction between countries, however, has been interpreted by some as engagement between “democratic nations” aiming to counter China. Global Times – GT Voice: Canada-India trade talks do not need biased ideological guise

CHAD – QATAR

• Chad’s military government and dozens of opposition groups have started peace talks in Qatar as a first step towards ending a rebellion and holding elections. Some 44 armed rebel and opposition groups were invited to the Doha meeting – though some were missing at the opening on Sunday, which had already been delayed from February 27. Al Jazeera – Chad military gov’t, opposition groups hold peace talks in Qatar

CHINA – USA

• US Software firm Figma has reportedly started to cut ties with Chinese drone unicorn DJI in compliance with US sanctions. This has put DJI, another Shenzhen-based tech giant after Huawei, in the crosshairs of unabashed US unilateral moves. Global Times – Figma reportedly starts cutting ties with DJI on grounds of compliance with US sanctions

• China’s top diplomat, Yang Jiechi, will meet with US National Security Advisor Jake Sullivan on Monday in Rome to exchange views on China-US relations and international and regional issues of common interest. Global Times – Yang to meet Sullivan in Rome, sends ‘positive sign’ via high-level contact mechanism amid Russia-Ukraine crisis

• Continued tension between China and the United States has opened up a Pandora’s box in world politics. International efforts to push for a more free and open international economic order have stalled and cooperation to fight the COVID-19 pandemic has been difficult. The nuclear nonproliferation regime has also been undermined — first with the partial collapse of the Iran nuclear deal and then with North Korea’s resumption of missile tests. Jia Qingguo – East Asia Forum – China–US cooperation is the key to peace

EGYPT – ISRAEL

The World Youth Forum that met in January 2022 in Sharm el-Sheikh was cast in Egypt as preparation for the UN Conference on Climate Change that will be held there in November. At a session devoted to environmental issues, President Abdel Fattah el-Sisi declared that “Man is the only creature on earth that is capable of bringing destruction but is also capable of building and repairing.” Indeed, the Forum showed that Egypt seeks to play a leading role in building and repairing, both in its own territory and in the regional arena – Africa, Europe, and the Middle East. Israel, for its part, should support Egypt’s intentions and seek to collaborate with it, particularly in the field of renewable energy. Ofir Winter – INSS – Egypt and Israel: Renewable Energies for Peace

ETHIOPIA

At least 53 people have died in western Ethiopia after an unidentified armed group attacked a civilian convoy and its military escort in a region plagued by ethnic violence. Al Jazeera – Ambush and reprisals in western Ethiopia kill 64 – rights body

EUROPE

• Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has triggered a European quest to lower dependence on Russian gas and move closer to renewable energy – with a simultaneous triumph eyed over Russian President Vladimir Putin and climate change. The European Commission believes it can replace 24 billion cubic metres (bcm) of Russian gas with zero-emissions renewable energy sources this year. John Psaropoulos – Al Jazeera – Could energy independence from Russia spur a shift to renewables?
• On 28 February 2022, the government of war-torn Ukraine signed an application for European Union membership, asking for immediate accession. Three days later, Georgia and Moldova also submitted applications. This is understandable given that all three former Soviet countries have suffered from Russian aggression and aspire to peaceful, democratic and economically successful development. André Sapir – Bruegel – How should the EU respond to Georgia, Moldova and Ukraine’s membership aspirations?

FRANCE

France is several years into a multibillion-euro investment in military space capabilities, and the country is using its temporary role leading the European Council presidency to emphasize the operational domain’s importance across the continent. Vivienne Machi – Defense News – France puts space at top of national — and European — security priorities

GREECE – TURKEY

• Greek Prime Minister Kyriakos Mitsotakis has kicked off his visit to Turkey during which he will hold talks with President Recep Tayyip Erdogan in Istanbul, a rare meeting between neighbours who have been at odds over maritime and energy issues, the status of Aegean islands and migration. The Greek prime minister kicked off his visit to Istanbul on Sunday by attending an Orthodox Christian service at the Ecumenical Patriarchate of Constantinople. Al Jazeera – Greek, Turkish leaders to meet in Istanbul

INDIA

• India’s headline inflation surged to an eight-month high in February on higher food prices, with the outlook set to worsen amid commodity-supply disruptions caused by Russia’s war in Ukraine. Vrishti Beniwal  – Bloomberg, Al Jazeera – India’s inflation surges to 8-month high on soaring food prices
• This brief reviews the crucial role of India in global climate politics and highlights the country’s partnerships on sustainable energy in Africa through the India-led International Solar Alliance (ISA). The brief finds that, beyond contributing to climate change mitigation, India—through ISA, in particular—is helping ensure energy security and sustainable livelihoods in sub-Saharan Africa by providing poor communities access to natural, economic, human, and social capital. It calls for complementary initiatives from policymakers in Africa to align efforts towards ensuring sustainable livelihoods for the continent’s more than 1.33 billion people. Oluwaseun J. Oguntuase – ORF – India and the Global Commons: A Case Study of the International Solar Alliance

• Three contemporary developments have challenged India’s engagement with the world and its security concerns in the past 24 months. The first was the decision by China’s Xi Jinping to pick a line from a map in imagined history and send 100,000 troops and more to alter the current political equation in the Himalayas. This was a whimsical and perverse exertion of power that resulted in a bloody clash and a still continuing face-off between Indian and Chinese troops. Xi’s actions then were no different from Vladimir Putin’s in recent days, both yearning for the expanse of empires past or even mythical. The global reaction, though ostensibly sympathetic to India, was timid when compared to the current aggressive response to a similar Russian effort to change the politics of Europe. Samir Saran – ORF – The world is in flux. Self-reliance is vital

INDIA – UAE

• The inking of the India-UAE Comprehensive Economic Partnership Agreement (CEPA) on 18 February 2022 is slated to open up a host of opportunities for both the economies. The trade pact is envisaged to increase the bilateral trade in goods from the present levels of US$60 billion to US $100 billion over the next five years, and also achieve services trade worth US $15 billion. Claims by the Ministry of Commerce suggest creation of 10 lakh jobs in India in labour-intensive sectors such as textiles, pharmaceuticals, gems and jewellery, plastic products, auto and leather, processed agriculture and dairy products, handicrafts, furniture, food and beverages, engineering, etc. The tariffs are supposed to be brought down to zero for 90 percent of Indian exports to the UAE. While this comprises almost 80 percent of the tariff lines, the list will entail around 97 percent of the tariff lines over the next five years. Nilanjan Ghosh – ORF – The India-UAE CEPA: India’s renewed love for FTAs

IRAN

• Foreign Minister Hossein Amirabdollahian will head to Moscow on Tuesday for talks with his Russian counterpart, the Iranian foreign ministry has announced, as it doubled down on its position that the United States is preventing an agreement in the nuclear deal talks held in Vienna. Maziar Motamedi – Al Jazeera – Iran blames US for JCPOA delays as top diplomat heads to Russia

•  Iran should use the opportunity provided by instability in the global energy markets and push its demands in nuclear talks in Vienna, a majority of Iranian lawmakers have suggested. A statement signed by 160 of Iran’s 290 members of parliament was read out publicly on Sunday. It said Tehran should not bind itself by “fabricated deadlines” by the West and push for its demands in the talks in the Austrian capital. Maziar Motamedi – Al Jazeera – Oil concerns give Iran the upper hand in nuclear talks: Lawmakers

IRAN – SYRIA

• The Israel Defense Forces have beefed up their preparedness on the northern border after Iran announced the deaths of two Revolutionary Guards officers in a bombing allegedly by Israel of Iranian targets near Damascus International Airport. Israeli security sources said the two officers were involved in Hizbullah’s PGM precision-guided-missile project. Residents of southern Lebanon expressed fear that the Iranian response would be carried out by Hizbullah there. However, IDF sources believe the response could also come from pro-Iranian militias in Syria, Iraq, or Yemen using missiles or drones. Yoni Ben Menachem – JCPA – Iran Is Exploiting the War in Ukraine to Strengthen Its Presence in Syria

ISRAEL

• With its subdued condemnation of Russia’s assault on Ukraine, Israel has failed to strike a just balance between morality and realpolitik. Given that Israeli Prime Minister Naftali Bennett has refused even to meet with Palestinian President Mahmoud Abbas, the leader of another occupied nation, his performative effort to serve as a peace broker can hardly be taken seriously. It is a pathetic attempt to make up for his government’s own moral shortcomings. While India and the US’s friends in the Arab world have also used the pretext of ‘mediation’ to avoid taking sides, they do not share Israel’s pretensions to be ‘a light unto the nations’. Shlomo Ben-Ami – RUSI – Israel’s Craven Neutrality

ISRAEL – EUROPE

• The crisis over Ukraine in 2022 has illustrated just how important the diversification of the sources of European gas had become and the urgency of finding alternatives to Russian gas, if only to reduce Moscow’s leverage over Europe and the NATO alliance. The EU Foreign Policy Chief, Josep Borrell, was able to voice a united policy for Europe already in January 2022, before Russia’s invasion of Ukraine, based on his view that “we must reduce our dependency on Russian energy.”. Dore Gold – JCPA – Updated – Europe’s Rising Need for Israeli Gas Production

JAPAN

RUSSIA – UKRAINE (impact, reactions, consequences)

• Israel is grappling with a situation that involves dealing with dozens of Jewish Russian oligarchs as Western nations step up sanctions on businesspeople with ties to Russian President Vladimir Putin. A worried Israeli government has formed a high-level committee to see how the country can maintain its status as a haven for any Jew without running afoul of the biting sanctions targeting Putin’s inner circle. Al Jazeera – As Ukraine war rages, Israel grapples with fate of oligarchs

• An assessment of Russian movements and successes in Ukraine indicates that Russian forces are advancing and may still achieve their goals. To survive the next few weeks, Ukrainian forces will need to adopt an operational plan based on exploiting their interior lines. Sam Cranny-Evans and Dr Sidharth Kaushal – RUSI – Not Out of the Woods Yet: Assessing the Operational Situation in Ukraine
• Several leading foreign tech companies have withdrawn from Russia or suspended operations in the two weeks since Russia’s full-scale invasion in Ukraine, exacerbating the risk of isolation from the global internet for the country’s residents. HRW – Russia: With Tech Firms Pulling Out, Internet Spiraling into Isolation

• Critical infrastructure is a privileged target for almost any kind of threat actor, the ongoing Russia-Ukraine cyber conflict is posing them at risk. Piierluigi Paganini – Security Affairs – Russia-Ukraine cyber conflict poses critical infrastructure at risk

• There seems to be no country in Europe where the Russian invasion of Ukraine has caused a greater systemic upheaval than in Germany. The invasion roused Germany from the illusions that have guided its dealings with Russia since the 1970s – the “Ostpolitik” (eastern) policy. The collapse of the Soviet Union, the unification of Germany, and the (apparent) disappearance of the Soviet threat created a sense of the end of history and the victory of the liberal West. Enjoyment of the “fruits of peace” became the motto of German policy, bringing with it dependence on Russia, the United States, and China. Without the invasion of Ukraine it is doubtful whether Germany would have taken the decision to bring about a paradigm shift in its security, arms exports, and energy policies. While this shift was announced by Chancellor Olaf Scholz in a speech at the Bundestag, it remains to be seen whether his determination will translate into action and be implemented over the long term. Shimon Stein – INSS – Germany and the Ukraine Crisis: End of the Age of Illusions

• It isn’t yet enough. The impressive deliveries of defensive weapons to Ukraine’s military, though crucial to the country’s remarkable resistance, have failed to stop Russian President Vladimir Putin’s mounting air strikes on civilian targets and urban centers. The unprecedented economic and financial sanctions on Russia, though historic in their scope, have been insufficient to deter him from escalating his grinding war on Ukraine.  Frederick Kempe – Atlantic Council – The Western response to Putin’s war has been remarkable. But it’s not enough
• Ramzan Kadyrov, the leader of Russia’s Chechnya region and ally of Russian President Vladimir Putin, has claimed that he travelled to Ukraine to meet Chechen troops fighting alongside Russian forces. Chechen television channel Grozny posted a video on its Telegram social media channel earlier on Sunday that showed Kadyrov in a darkened room in military uniform discussing with Chechen troops a military operation they said took place 7km (4.3 miles) from the Ukrainian capital, Kyiv. Al Jazeera – Chechen leader Kadyrov claims he travelled to Ukraine

• Russia’s finance ministry has accused foreign countries of wanting to force Russia into an “artificial default” through unprecedented sanctions over its war in Ukraine and said it would meet its debt obligations. “The freezing of foreign currency accounts of the Bank of Russia and of the Russian government can be regarded as the desire of a number of foreign countries to organise an artificial default that has no real economic grounds,” Finance Minister Anton Siluanov said in a statement on Monday. Al Jazeera – Russia accuses West of seeking ‘artificial default’ over Ukraine | Russia-Ukraine war News

• Russian and Ukrainian officials are set to hold a new round of talks as Moscow’s invading forces show no sign of easing their onslaught across Ukraine, edging closer to the capital, Kyiv, and maintaining their relentless bombardment of the besieged southern port city of Mariupol. The two sides’ representatives will meet via videoconference on Monday, a Ukrainian presidential adviser and a Kremlin spokesman said. According to Ukrainian negotiator David Arakhamia, the talks will begin at 08:20 GMT. Al Jazeera – Ukraine-Russia talks to continue as Moscow steps up onslaught

• The Russia-Ukraine conflict has resulted in a rift in global fertilizer supply chains, with both countries moving to suspend their fertilizer exports, inevitably putting upward pressure on China’s potash fertilizer market that remains reliant on imported potash, industry analysts said on Sunday. Global Times – Russia-Ukraine conflict affects fertilizer market, but overall impact on China ‘limited’

• Much is being written about Russia’s invasion of the Ukraine, and much more will surely be said in the months and years ahead of this potentially epoch-defining event. But some of the most insightful and almost prescient analyses were made well before the conflict, such as in Larry Diamond’s excellent 2020 book, Ill winds: Saving democracy from Russian rage, Chinese ambition, and American complacency. Diamond, a professor at Stanford University, documents the political transformation of the world through the “third wave of democratisation”, beginning in the 1970s and 1980s, followed by a big bang after the fall of the Berlin wall, with the democratisation of central and eastern Europe. But then began a global democratic recession. John Wesr – The Interpreter – Saving democracy from Russian rage

• Russia’s invasion of Ukraine has overturned the post-1945 international system.  Attention has focused on the sea change in European attitudes to security threats, the defence spending that Russia’s aggression has produced, and the sobering challenge Russia’s invasion poses to accepted international rules and norms. But the Ukraine crisis has wider implications, affecting the Indo-Pacific region. Ian Hill – The Interpreter – What the Ukraine crisis means for the Indo-Pacific
• Russia grinds towards military objectives in Ukraine as the first smartphone war confounds and surprises. Networked warfare meets networked people. The fog of war turns to patches of mist. Modern weapons with all the sensors of a smartphone offer the military new ways of fighting, while digital citizens use new ways of seeing and acting to shift the war calculus. Graeme Dobell – The Strategist – Smartphones, digital citizens and open secrets in Russia–Ukraine war

• Russian prosecutors warned Western companies that criticism of Moscow’s war on Ukraine could lead to arrests of corporate leaders or seizure of assets in the country. Companies that received the warning included Coca-Cola, McDonald’s, Procter & Gamble, IBM and Yum Brands, people familiar with the matter told The Wall Street Journal. Monique Beals – The Hill – Russian prosecutors warn Western firms of arrests, asset seizures

• At least 85 children have died in Russia’s war on Ukraine as of Sunday morning, according to the office of Ukraine’s attorney general. Most of the children were killed in the regions of Kyiv, Kharkiv, Donetsk, Sumy, Kherson, Mykolaiv and Zhytomyr, according to the attorney general’s statement. Monique Beals – The Hill – At least 85 children killed so far in Ukraine war: attorney general

• The Biden administration isn’t happy that Beijing is taking Moscow’s side after the unprovoked attack on Ukraine — and it’s going to tell them that face to face. National security adviser Jake Sullivan will meet in Rome on Monday with China’s top diplomat, Yang Jiechi, to discuss Russia’s ongoing invasion of Ukraine. The meeting is a long-planned follow-up to President Joe Biden’s virtual meeting with Chinese President Xi Jinping in November, a source familiar with the situation told reporters Saturday. Phelim Helim – Politico – Jake Sullivan and China’s Yang Jiechi to discuss Russia-Ukraine on Monday

• Russia’s brutal invasion of Ukraine has inflicted a devastating toll, one measured in lives lost and cities destroyed. The response from much of the world has been swift and nearly unprecedented: not only through materiel support for Ukraine but also a suite of economic sanctions designed to disconnect Russia from the world economy. East Asia Forum – Avoiding a Ukraine-induced global food crisis will take global leadership
• The Russian invasion of Ukraine and the widespread devastation of the country raise the spectre of another world food crisis. Asia suffered badly during the last food crisis in 2007–08, mostly because of panicked behaviour in the region’s rice markets. Peter Timmer – East Asia Forum – Ukraine crisis feeds fears of another food crisis

TUNISIA

• The jailing of a prominent lawyer on March 2, 2022, for arguing with police officers is an alarming new step in the confiscation of civil liberties since President Kais Saied seized extraordinary powers on July 25, 2021, Human Rights Watch said today. Abderrazak Kilani, a former government minister and head of the national bar association, is one of the most prominent Tunisians to be put behind bars for his peaceful expression since the ouster of the authoritarian President Zine el-Abidine Ben Ali in 2011. HRW –  Tunisia: Military Court Jails Prominent Lawyer

UGANDA

• Uganda’s military has said that President Yoweri Museveni’s son, a lieutenant general, who is widely believed to be trying to succeed his long-ruling father, had not, in fact, resigned. Al Jazeera – Uganda military denies resignation of president’s son

USA

• As recently as three years ago, the U.S. Navy’s long-term shipbuilding plan laid out a stable path for Ingalls Shipbuilding. The Navy planned to buy two or three Arleigh Burke-class guided-missile destroyers each year, splitting the work between the Pascagoula, Mississippi-based Ingalls shipyard and General Dynamics’ Bath Iron Works in Maine. Megan Eckstein – Defense News – As US Navy rethinks its fleet, Ingalls Shipbuilding faces uncertain future
• In early February, executives from more than a dozen defense firms gathered virtually with top Pentagon leaders, including the department’s secretary.  At stake: the future of hypersonic weapons, one of the most hyped, debated and costly weapons initiatives in years. The government is expected to spend $15 billion on the effort between 2015 and 2024. Stephen Losey – Defense News – What should be the United States’ next move on hypersonic tech?
• If you’re confused about the size of the future U.S. Navy fleet, you’re not alone. The service and Pentagon officials have teetered between multiple plans for the last three years, moving back-and-forth between different approaches. Megan Eckstein – Defense News – Top Navy official says service needs a larger fleet and a larger share of the budget

• The U.S. Navy is all in on its “get real, get better” approach to improving fleet readiness by using data to identify root problems as well as solutions. Several ongoing efforts that leverage data analytics — including the Performance to Plan and the Naval Sustainment System efforts — seek to “embrace the red” and tackle them head-on. But how are these data-driven endeavors shaping the fleet? Megan Eckstein – Defense News – Six questions with the US Navy’s top officer, Adm. Mike Gilday

USA – AFGHANISTAN

• On February 11, US President Joe Biden announced the allocation of $3.5bn belonging to the Afghan people to cover lawsuits by 9/11 families. Afghanistan’s foreign currency reserves, which this money is part of, had been frozen by the US administration since August 2021, when the Taliban took over Kabul. Sahar Ghumkhor, Anila Daulatzai – Al Jazeera – It is hardly surprising Empire stole Afghan money

YEMEN

• Yemen’s already dire hunger crisis is “teetering on the edge of outright catastrophe”, UN agency chiefs said on Monday, as new data analysis from the war-ravaged country indicated potentially record food insecurity. UN News – Yemen facing ‘outright catastrophe’ over rising hunger, warn UN humanitarians